Anoniquia congenita a proposito de un caso

Introduction:   Congenital anonychia is a rare anomaly of nail development, characterized by the total or partial absence of nails from birth. Several types of congenital anonychia have been described, which can affect the nails of hands and feet symmetrically or asymmetrically. The etiology of this condition is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that it may be related to genetic and environmental factors.

Objective:   To present a clinical case of congenital anonychia in a newborn, whose condition is attributed to maternal genetic load, highlighting the clinical findings and its management during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as reviewing the current literature on this anomaly.

Materials and Method:   A clinical case presentation of congenital anonychia in the newborn of a 26-year-old female patient with a family history of the same condition was conducted. Various bibliographic sources on this condition were reviewed.

Results:   The case of a full-term newborn at 37 weeks appropriate for gestational age is reported, presenting absence of nails on the 1st and 5th fingers, bilateral hypoplasia of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers of both hands, and thickening of the nail plate of the 1st and 3rd fingers.

Conclusion:   This case highlights the importance of considering congenital anonychia in patients with a family history, as well as the need for accurate prenatal diagnosis. Further studies are needed to better understand the etiology and management of this anomaly, especially in cases of isolated congenital anonychia without other associated disorders.

Keywords:
Congenital nail anomalies; full-term pregnancy; prenatal diagnosis; clinical follow-up; pregnancy complications